Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus

Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus

Written by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley

Published by Public Domain

Genre: Gothic Fiction

Audience: Readers of classic literature and Gothic fiction

Tone: Dark and Reflective

Summary

Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus" explores the tragic consequences of unchecked ambition through the intertwined fates of Victor Frankenstein and his creation. As Victor seeks to conquer death by animating lifeless matter, he unleashes a creature that embodies his deepest fears and regrets. The narrative unfolds through letters and reflections, revealing themes of isolation, grief, and the moral dilemmas of creation. Ultimately, both creator and creature confront the devastating repercussions of their actions, leading to a haunting exploration of humanity's darker impulses and the quest for connection amidst profound loneliness.

Themes

Isolation and despair
The consequences of ambition
Creation and responsibility
Grief and loss
The quest for companionship
The nature of humanity
Revenge and hatred

Detailed Summary

In "Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus," Mary Shelley delves into the complexities of ambition, creation, and the human condition through the tragic tale of Victor Frankenstein and his monstrous creation. The story begins with Robert Walton's letters to his sister, chronicling his expedition to the North Pole, where he encounters Victor, a man burdened by sorrow and regret. Victor recounts his idyllic childhood in Geneva, marked by close bonds with his family and friends, including Elizabeth Lavenza and Henry Clerval. However, tragedy strikes with the death of his mother, propelling Victor to the University of Ingolstadt, where he becomes obsessed with the secrets of life. His ambition leads him to create a living being, but upon animating it, he is horrified by its grotesque appearance, triggering a nervous breakdown and a deep sense of isolation. As Victor grapples with his guilt over the creature's existence, the narrative shifts to the creature's perspective, revealing its profound loneliness and desire for companionship. Observing the De Lacey family, the creature longs for acceptance but is met with fear and hostility, leading to a violent outburst that further alienates it from humanity. This pivotal moment sets the stage for the creature's demand for a female companion, highlighting the ethical implications of creation and the consequences of Victor's ambition. Victor's internal struggle intensifies as he reluctantly agrees to create a female creature, torn between compassion and horror. However, his fear of the creature's vengeance leads him to destroy the unfinished being, prompting the original creature to vow revenge. The narrative escalates as Victor's loved ones fall victim to the creature's wrath, culminating in the tragic murder of Elizabeth on their wedding night. Consumed by grief and rage, Victor embarks on a relentless pursuit of the creature, reflecting on the moral implications of his actions and the suffering they have caused. Shelley's "Frankenstein" serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of unchecked ambition and the quest for knowledge, exploring themes of isolation, grief, and the search for companionship. The tragic cycle of vengeance between creator and creation ultimately leads to their mutual destruction, leaving readers to ponder the nature of humanity and the consequences of our actions.

References

Spoilers

"Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus" follows Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who becomes obsessed with creating life. After animating a creature, he is horrified by its appearance and abandons it, leading to tragic consequences. The creature, filled with rage and despair over its rejection, seeks revenge on Victor, resulting in a series of devastating losses for Victor and his loved ones. As Victor grapples with guilt and the repercussions of his ambition, the narrative explores deep themes of isolation, the quest for companionship, and the moral dilemmas of creation.

FAQs

How does nature play a role in Victor's emotional journey?

Victor seeks solace in nature during his moments of despair, highlighting the contrast between his inner turmoil and the beauty of the natural world.

How does the theme of revenge manifest in Victor's actions?

Consumed by grief and rage after Elizabeth's murder, Victor embarks on a relentless pursuit of the creature, reflecting the cycle of vengeance and its consequences.

How does Victor Frankenstein's character evolve throughout the narrative?

Victor transitions from a passionate youth to a troubled scholar, grappling with the consequences of his ambition and the ethical dilemmas of creation.

What are the consequences of Victor's decision to destroy the female creature?

Victor's destruction of the female creature prompts the original creature to vow revenge, resulting in tragic outcomes, including the murder of Henry Clerval.

What drives the creature to confront Victor Frankenstein?

The creature, feeling isolated and desperate for companionship, demands a female companion from Victor, leading to a pivotal confrontation.

What impact does the creature's isolation have on its actions?

The creature's profound loneliness drives it to violence and ultimately leads to its demand for a companion, showcasing the effects of societal rejection.

What is the main theme of Walton's expedition in the beginning of the story?

Walton's expedition explores themes of ambition, loneliness, and the desire for companionship as he navigates the challenges of the North Pole.

What is the significance of Elizabeth's character in the story?

Elizabeth represents hope and love for Victor, but her tragic fate underscores the consequences of his ambition and the dangers of neglecting personal relationships.

What moral dilemmas are presented in the relationship between creator and creation?

The narrative explores the responsibilities of creation, the consequences of ambition, and the ethical implications of animating life.

What tragic events impact Victor Frankenstein's life?

Victor experiences profound grief from the deaths of his mother, brother William, and the wrongful execution of Justine Moritz, which deeply affect his mental state.

Quotes

""What can stop the determined heart and resolved will of man?""
""Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge.""
""I am thy creature; I ought to be thy Adam, but I am rather the fallen angel.""
""I will revenge my injuries; if I cannot inspire love, I will cause fear.""
""Cursed, cursed creator! Why did I live?""
""I am, by a course of strange events, become the most miserable of mortals.""
""You are my creator, but I am your master; obey!""
""I shall ascend my funeral pile triumphantly and exult in the agony of the torturing flames.""

Characters

Agatha
Alphonse Frankenstein
Beaufort (Caroline's father)
Caroline Beaufort
Clerval
Daniel Nugent
De Lacey
Elizabeth
Elizabeth Lavenza
Ernest Frankenstein
Felix
Henry Clerval
Justine Moritz
M. Krempe
M. Waldman
Mr. Kirwin
Mrs. Saville
R. Walton
Safie
the creature
The Creature
the lieutenant
the magistrate
the monster
the narrator
the old man
the ship's master
the stranger
the Turk
the young girl
the young man
the young Russian lady
the young woman
Victor (the narrator)
Victor Frankenstein
Victor's father
Victor's mother
Walton
William Frankenstein